The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) holds the highest position in the federal court system and wields several crucial functions:
1. Interpreting the Constitution: The Supreme Court acts as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution. It has the power to declare laws passed by Congress or actions taken by the President unconstitutional if they violate the supreme law of the land. This power, known as judicial review, is what established the Court as a powerful check on the other branches of government.
2. Resolving Disputes Between States: The Court serves as the final arbiter in legal controversies that arise between different states. This could involve issues like water rights bordering rivers or disagreements regarding state laws affecting interstate commerce.
3. Deciding Cases on Federal Law: The Supreme Court has the authority to hear appeals from lower federal courts on matters involving federal law, treaties, and the Constitution. Their rulings establish legal precedent that lower courts across the nation must follow in similar cases.
4. Safeguarding Individual Rights: The Supreme Court plays a critical role in protecting individual rights guaranteed by the Constitution. Landmark cases throughout history have addressed issues like freedom of speech, religion, press, and due process of law. The Court's decisions can significantly impact the lives of all Americans.
5. Maintaining Balance of Power: Through judicial review, the Supreme Court acts as a check on the legislative and executive branches. By ensuring all government actions comply with the Constitution, it helps maintain a balanced system of power outlined in the Constitution.
In essence, the Supreme Court is the final authority on legal matters concerning the Constitution, acting as a guardian of its interpretation and a protector of individual rights within the framework of the Constitution. Its rulings have a profound impact on the nation's legal landscape and the lives of all Americans.